Over the past few weeks, my research into right-wing populism in Europe has deepened my understanding of how religion, education, and media shape this phenomenon. These elements are crucial to populism’s appeal and spread across the continent.
Religion, especially Christianity, is often used by populists more as a cultural symbol than a matter of faith. Leaders like Matteo Salvini in Italy invoke Christian symbols to rally support, defend national identity, and resist perceived threats like globalization and immigration. This form of cultural Christianity creates a clear divide between “us” – native-born citizens, particularly those of Christian heritage – and “them,” often immigrants, especially Muslims, portraying detachment from traditional values and overly accommodating to foreign influences.
Support for right-wing populism is diverse. While some are motivated by current issues like immigration, others are driven by deep-rooted cultural or familial traditions. In a conversation with a woman from a small town in former East Germany, she described how negative attitudes toward immigrants were as normalized as discussing the weather. This normalization of xenophobic discourse highlights how, in some regions, populism is ingrained in the local culture, passed down through generations, and resilient to change.
Education is crucial in countering right-wing populism. Experts like Kadir Boyaci in Frankfurt highlight how education fosters critical thinking, promotes social cohesion, and challenges populist narratives. The media also plays a significant role, often using language that reinforces negative stereotypes about immigrants. For instance, terms like “kulturfremd” (culturally alien) or “ungebildet” (uneducated) in German news subtly suggest that immigrants lack the skills to integrate. Such language marginalizes immigrants, portraying them as a burden, while sensationalist terms like “mainstream refugee wave” fuel fear and polarization, which populist leaders exploit.
My research journey has been enlightening. It has revealed how deeply interconnected religion, education, media, and cultural traditions are in the rise of right-wing populism in Europe. As I continue my work, I am committed to further exploring these dynamics and uncovering the deeper roots of this significant political trend.
Author: Joon Park