Person: It did not so the question arises why something as basic as that doesn’t even get into the report? And to this day you never hear that you hear it’s Islamic fundamentalists when what was behind it which would very much reinforce your book was this really political grievance. But it seems to me peculiar that you, one never hears that it simply is not discussed.

Graham Fuller: Yeah well you know most of you in this room don’t need me to tell you why that is the case and the efforts to sort of, to control… Either direct criticism of Israel’s playing any part in this or even much of the United States policies as having much of a direct role in it. So I think the problem is well familiar. I will have to say George Bush whom I, I am not I have never been a fan of, to his credit did say very early on say the problem was not Islam and I guess he had some good advisors in this respect. I don’t know whether he would have thought of it or not in his own right but at least he did early on say that. I don’t know whether many of people in his own party to this day would still be comfortable with that statement. But yeah I think there are a lot of people who know this isn’t the case. But it’s popular images that are more at fault here than I think any… The specialists basically know this. But that’s why the bumper sticker ‘history didn’t begin with 9/11’ I think is extremely important. I should even maybe manufacture some sell them. I don’t know how many I would sell but yeah it’s an important part of understanding the problem.

Interviewer: All right yes sir just yes.

Person: My name’s Ken [Yays] another one of the many retired foreign service people.

Interviewer: Sir can you, I’m sorry can you stand up? Thank you so much

Person: Is the microphone on?

Interviewer: Yes it is?

Graham Fuller: It’s on it just doesn’t [IB].

Person: Okay my question is on you distinguished in the book between political Islam and theological Islam. The reason I ask the question is that it was explained to me by an Iraqi [IB] that Islam recognizes no national borders that it’s the… the political side of the faith would say that it should be [a pillar] of faith that would be formed and the [IB] then like the Ottoman empire it would incorporate all religions within it’s scope but yet it’s a political arrangement. And how can you take that argument?