Ed Marks:    Yonah has made a good point and I’ll show my professional deformation but I do know the other side of the point.  I don’t think we can do metrics but we can do, I think you made a good point about how are things going.  We can measure not numerical terms but whether it’s more of a problem or less of a problem.  And then we can do that by looking at what Yonah has mentioned.  What’s happening inside countries?  Now the Pakistan problem is not, not by also not by looking at just as a terrorist problem.  If we’ve got political, economic, social, strategic problem about Pakistan is not just because of terrorism.  There are lots of other questions.  Terrorism is a part of the mix in Pakistan.  So I guess how we measure on how things are going by what is happening in different committee.  Have we got more countries that are being a problem to themselves as well as us?  Have we got more countries looking that they might be failed states with all that implies?  And in those context, what part of the problem is terrorism or is terrorism the prize of it, or is terrorism just as something that’s exacerbating it?  But it’s not just a terrorist problem.  So how do we deal with whatever the problem is – Yemen.  And to what degree is terrorism and if so, why?  If its insurgency, why?  If its corruption, political competence – whatever.  So I’ll go back to – yes you can look at how we’re doing and you’re right.  That is a good question but we can’t do it by metrics.  We have to do it in a kind of broader, sharper way – how are things going and I’ll go back to honest perception.  What is happening to governments and societies?  Are they doing well?  Are they showing signs of failing?  With all of that implies to themselves, their neighbors and the world community.

Dr. Alexander:    Okay, well you know, the academic community will always say “It’s the beginning of scholarship, not the end of it, it’s the beginning of the dialogue and honestly we shall continue.  And after all, you know, it’s not they and us, all of us are together in terms of facing the challenges and offering some of the opportunities to deal with these issues and obviously we do have not only the so called hard power but the soft power and this is the role of the civic society.  So I think we’re going to continue the dialogue in the future.

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