Ed Marks: I’ll make one comment before we do it. There is a marvelous insight I was once taught. It’s called professional deformation. Whatever profession in, you learn to look at things a certain way not another way. Surgeons like to cut, lawyers like to litigate, diplomats like to negotiate and discuss. I’m a professional diplomat so I don’t – the answer to your question is all of the above. It’s a police problem and a military problem and an intelligence problem and a political problem, it’s all of the above. There is no simple strategy but it is also got to be kept within context. Use the phrase which become very popular “At 9/11 the United States was on its knees”. No, we were not! No significant aspect of American power was significantly diminished by 9/11, except in our minds, except that we reacted that way. Our military was no weaker. Nothing was any less after 9/11 than it was before 9/11 except how we perceived them. We have to deal with this problem not as a single discreet problem. It’s part of politics, it’s part of diplomacies, it’s part of war, it’s part of police security, it’s part of border patrol, it’s all of the above. So my, that’s the diplomats answer which is to fuzz it and mix it with everything else which is its part of an overall how we behave as a country. Please.
Audience 1: I’ve worked as a therapist, so I kind of look through that eye-sets. I’m also very interested in religion and violence and religion and peacemaking, both aspects of that. The psychologist Robert Jay Lifton who wrote a great deal about Vietnam, about Hiroshima and he has also written about some forms of cults in terrorism. It talks about a kind of apocalyptic consciousness, now that’s not saying that the people who are creating the thing necessarily are in that but it brings a population or even a group consciousness into this very deep mythology or archetype which is the apocalypse, the end of the world. So whether it’s the end of the world by biochemical means or by nuclear weapons, I mean it’s all the imagery of an existential void in humanity falling into it. Now there’s altruistic suicide but I also think this apocalyptic kind of suicide which is somehow my action would bring on the apocalypse or my action is a reaction to those who are trying to bring on the apocalypse. I think about George Bush’s war on evil in a sense as being that and I remember I think it was in 2003, there was a cartoon in a post and that showed very much like if you think of Moby Dick. There was a great white whale which is Iraq and President Bush was pictured as Ahab stuck on the whale and it was going down and it says “You guys just want to cut and run!” But it’s the kind of power of this imagery of this mythology but once you started an operation you may use to manipulate people. Hitler was wonderful in doing things like that, Stalin probably too; very messianic imagery but once you get it going it’s like a fire that catches its own imagination. I was wondering if that can play into this discussion.